Waste to Wealth: Circular Economy Models in Nigerian Construction

Abstract

The construction industry is a major consumer of natural resources and a significant contributor to waste generation, with Nigeria facing critical inefficiencies in construction waste management. This study examines the adoption of circular economy (CE) principles in Nigeria’s construction sector, focusing on current waste management practices, material utilization efficiency, and the potential economic and environmental benefits of transitioning to a circular model. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, and direct field observations across major construction hubs in Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt. Findings reveal that landfilling remains the dominant waste disposal method, with concrete waste accounting for 45% of total construction waste, followed by wood (20%), metal (15%), plastic (10%), and mixed debris (10%). The study highlights low awareness levels of CE principles, weak regulatory enforcement, and insufficient investment in waste recovery infrastructure as key barriers to adoption. Despite these challenges, the research identifies substantial economic and environmental benefits, including a 30% reduction in waste disposal costs, a 25% improvement in material efficiency, and a 35% reduction in carbon emissions through CE implementation. To accelerate CE adoption, the study recommends strengthening regulatory frameworks, investing in modern recycling infrastructure, integrating digital material tracking technologies, and promoting modular construction techniques. A multi-stakeholder approach involving government agencies, private sector players, and research institutions is essential to drive the transition towards a sustainable, circular construction industry in Nigeria.